Share:


The mediating effect of proactive knowledge sharing among transformational leadership, cohesion, and learning goal orientation on employee performance

    Layaman Layaman   Affiliation
    ; Pahlawansjah Harahap Affiliation
    ; Indi Djastuti Affiliation
    ; Aan Jaelani   Affiliation
    ; Diana Djuwita Affiliation

Abstract

The background of this study is based on the controversial relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. Empirical and theoretical models resolve the controversy by building a new concept based on proactive knowledge sharing. The study established the influence of transformational leadership, cohesion and learning goal orientation on proactive knowledge sharing and employee performance. A total of 7 hypotheses were developed to solve the study problem, while purposive sampling was used in data collection. The respondents consisted of 6 employees of Sharia Banking in Indonesia. The SEM results indicate that five hypotheses were significant, while 2 were insignificant. Furthermore, proactive knowledge sharing strongly mediates the relationship between the studied variables. These results confirm the withdrawal of the new concept in improving employee performance.

Keyword : transformational leadership, learning goal orientation, proactive knowledge sharing, employee performance

How to Cite
Layaman, L., Harahap, P., Djastuti, I., Jaelani, A., & Djuwita, D. (2021). The mediating effect of proactive knowledge sharing among transformational leadership, cohesion, and learning goal orientation on employee performance. Business: Theory and Practice, 22(2), 470-481. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2021.13365
Published in Issue
Dec 7, 2021
Abstract Views
1201
PDF Downloads
913
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Akpotu, C., & Tamunosiki-Amadi, J. (2013). Transformational leadership and knowledge sharing in ICT based organizations in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(12), 100–107.

Akram, F., & Bokhari, R. (2011). The role of knowledge sharing on individual performance, considering the factor of motivation-the conceptual framework. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering, 2(9), 44–48.

Aldulaimi, S. (2015). Exploring the effect of organizational culture, leadership and strategy on organizational effectiveness with mediating effect of knowledge management. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(4), 121–132.

Ali, A. A., Paris, L., Selvam, D. D. D. P., & Gunasekaran, A. (2019). Key factors influencing knowledge sharing practices and its relationship with organizational performance within the oil and gas industry. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(9). https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-06-2018-0394

Amabile, T. M., Schatzel, E. A., Moneta, G. B., & Kramer, S. J. (2004). Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: Perceived leader support. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(1), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.12.003

Antonakis, J., Avolio, B. J., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (2003). Context and leadership: An examination of the nine-factor full-range leadership theory using the multifactor leadership questionnaire. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(3), 261–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(03)00030-4

Arthur, J. B., & Huntley, C. L. (2005). Ramping up the organizational learning curve: Assessing the impact of deliberate learning on organizational performance under gainsharing. Academy of Management Journal, 48(6), 1159–1170. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.19573115

Asrar-ul-Haq, M., & Kuchinke, K. P. (2016). Impact of leadership styles on employees’ attitude towards their leader and performance: Empirical evidence from Pakistani banks. Future Business Journal, 2(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2016.05.002

Bashir, M., & Farooq, R. (2019). The synergetic effect of knowledge management and business model innovation on firm competence. International Journal of Innovation Science, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-10-2018-0103

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership: Good, better, best. Organizational Dynamics, 13(3), 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(85)90028-2

Bass, B. M. (1995). Comment: Transformational leadership: Looking at other possible antecedents and consequences. Journal of Management Inquiry, 4(3), 293–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/105649269543010

Bass, B. M. (1996). A new paradigm of leadership: An inquiry into transformational leadership. U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA306579

Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398410

Baytok, A., Kurt, M., & Zorlu, O. (2014). The role of transformational leader on knowledge sharing practices: A study about international hotel chains. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(7), 46–61.

Borman, W. C., Penner, L. A., Allen, T. D., & Motowidlo, S. J. (2001). Personality predictors of citizenship performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9(1–2), 52–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00163

Bradshaw, R., Chebbi, M., & Oztel, H. (2015). Leadership and knowledge sharing. Asian Journal of Business Research, (Special Issue 2015). https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.150001

Brown, E. A., & Arendt, S. W. (2010). Perceptions of transformational leadership behaviors and subordinates’ performance in hotels. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 10(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2010.500205

Buil, I., Martinez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.014

Burns, J. M. (1978). Transformational leadership theory. In Leadership. Harper and Row.

Calantone, R. J., Cavusgil, S. T., & Zhao, Y. (2002). Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 31(6), 515–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-8501(01)00203-6

Callow, N., Smith, M. J., Hardy, L., Arthur, C. A., & Hardy, J. (2009). Measurement of transformational leadership and its relationship with team cohesion and performance level. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(4), 395–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200903204754

Carless, S. A., & De Paola, C. (2000). The measurement of cohesion in work teams. Small Group Research, 31(1), 71–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/104649640003100104

Carron, A. V, Brawley, L. R., & Widmeyer, W. N. (1998). The measurement of cohesiveness in sportgroups. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 14(1), 55–59.

Carter, M. Z., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., & Mossholder, K. W. (2013). Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(7), 942–958. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1824

Cavazotte, F., Moreno, V., & Bernardo, J. (2013). Transformational leaders and work performance: The mediating roles of identification and self-efficacy. BAR-Brazilian Administration Review, 10(4), 490–512. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-76922013000400007

Chang, A., & Bordia, P. (2001). A multidimensional approach to the group cohesion-group performance relationship. Small Group Research, 32(4), 379–405. https://doi.org/10.1177/104649640103200401

Charlton, R., & Eschleman, K. J. (2019). Person–group fit moderating the transformational leadership contextual performance relationship. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2019(1), 18624. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.198

Chen, L. Y., & Barnes, F. B. (2006). Leadership behaviors and knowledge sharing in professional service firms engaged in strategic alliances. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 11(2), 51.

Chen, X.-P., Eberly, M. B., Chiang, T.-J., Farh, J.-L., & Cheng, B.-S. (2014). Affective trust in Chinese leaders: Linking paternalistic leadership to employee performance. Journal of Management, 40(3), 796–819. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311410604

Cooke, F. L., Wang, J., & Bartram, T. (2019). Can a supportive workplace impact employee resilience in a high pressure performance environment? An investigation of the Chinese banking industry. Applied Psychology, 68(4), 695–718. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12184

Cronin, L. D., Arthur, C. A., Hardy, J., & Callow, N. (2015). Transformational leadership and task cohesion in sport: The mediating role of inside sacrifice. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 37(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2014-0116

DeShon, R. P., & Gillespie, J. Z. (2005). A motivated action theory account of goal orientation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1096–1127. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1096

Din, N., & Haron, S. (2012). Knowledge sharing as a culture among Malaysian online social networking users. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50, 1043–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.104

Dobbins, G. H., & Zaccaro, S. J. (1986). The effects of group cohesion and leader behavior on subordinate satisfaction. Group & Organization Management, 11(3), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960118601100305

Donate, M. J., & de Pablo, J. D. S. (2015). The role of knowledge-oriented leadership in knowledge management practices and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 68(2), 360–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.06.022

Eliyana, A., & Ma’arif, S. (2019). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment effect in the transformational leadership towards employee performance. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25(3), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.05.001

Ganguly, A., Talukdar, A., & Chatterjee, D. (2019). Evaluating the role of social capital, tacit knowledge sharing, knowledge quality and reciprocity in determining innovation capability of an organization. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(6). https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2018-0190

Garcia-Morales, V. J., Jimenez-Barrionuevo, M. M., & Gutierrez-Gutierrez, L. (2012). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 65(7), 1040–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.03.005

Garrison, G., Wakefield, R. L., Xu, X., & Kim, S. H. (2010). Globally distributed teams: The effect of diversity on trust, cohesion and individual performance. ACM SIGMIS Database: The Database for Advances in Information Systems, 41(3), 27–48. https://doi.org/10.1145/1851175.1851178

Ghafoor, A., Qureshi, T. M., Khan, M. A., & Hijazi, S. T. (2011). Transformational leadership, employee engagement and performance: Mediating effect of psychological ownership. African Journal of Business Management, 5(17), 7391–7403. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.126

Ghozali, I. (2011). Model Persamaan Struktural; Konsep dan Aplikasi dengan Program AMOS 19,0. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Grant, A. M., Gino, F., & Hofmann, D. A. (2011). Reversing the extraverted leadership advantage: The role of employee proactivity. Academy of Management Journal, 54(3), 528–550. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.61968043

Hansen, M. T. (2002). Knowledge networks: Explaining effective knowledge sharing in multiunit companies. Organization Science, 13(3), 232–248. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.13.3.232.2771

Heuze, J.-P., Sarrazin, P., Masiero, M., Raimbault, N., & Thomas, J.-P. (2006). The relationships of perceived motivational climate to cohesion and collective efficacy in elite female teams. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(3), 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200600830273

Insan, A. N., Astuti, E. S., Raharjo, K., Hamid, D., & Brawijaya, M. (2013). The effect of transformational leadership model on employees’ job satisfaction and performance at Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN Persero) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Information and Knowledge Management, 3(5), 135–142.

Javadi, M. H. M., Zadeh, N. D., Zandi, M., & Yavarian, J. (2012). Effect of motivation and trust on knowledge sharing and effect of knowledge sharing on employee’s performance. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v2i1.1675

June, S., & Mahmood, R. (2011). The relationship between role ambiguity, competency and person-job fit with the job performance of employees in the service sector SMEs in Malaysia. Business Management Dynamics, 1(2), 79.

Kasemsap, K. (2013). Strategic business management: A practical framework and causal model of empowering leadership, team cohesion, knowledge-sharing behavior, and team performance. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 4(3), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v4i3.740

Khan, N. A., & Khan, A. N. (2019). What followers are saying about transformational leaders fostering employee innovation via organisational learning, knowledge sharing and social media use in public organisations? Government Information Quarterly, 36(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.07.003

Kim, T. T., & Lee, G. (2013). Hospitality employee knowledgesharing behaviors in the relationship between goal orientations and service innovative behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34(1), 324–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.04.009

Lee, J.-N. (2001). The impact of knowledge sharing, organizational capability and partnership quality on IS outsourcing success. Information & Management, 38(5), 323–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(00)00074-4

Lee, P., Gillespie, N., Mann, L., & Wearing, A. (2010). Leadership and trust: Their effect on knowledge sharing and team performance. Management Learning, 41(4), 473–491. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507610362036

Lu, L., Lin, X., & Leung, K. (2012). Goal orientation and innovative performance: The mediating roles of knowledge sharing and perceived autonomy. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(Suppl 41), E180–E197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.01018.x

Mabey, C., Kulich, C., & Lorenzi-Cioldi, F. (2012). Knowledge leadership in global scientific research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(12), 2450–2467. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.668386

Matsuo, M. (2019). Effect of learning goal orientation on work engagement through job crafting. Personnel Review, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2017-0346

Matzler, K., & Mueller, J. (2011). Antecedents of knowledge sharing – Examining the influence of learning and performance orientation. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(3), 317–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2010.12.006

Maurer, T. J., Weiss, E. M., & Barbeite, F. G. (2003). A model of involvement in work-related learning and development activity: the effects of individual, situational, motivational, and age variables. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 707–724. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.4.707

Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & DeChurch, L. A. (2009). Information sharing and team performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 535–546. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013773

Mullen, B., & Copper, C. (1994). The relation between group cohesiveness and performance: An integration. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 210–227. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.210

Nguyen, T.-M., Nham, P. T., & Hoang, V. N. V. (2019). The theory of planned behavior and knowledge sharing: A systematic review and meta-analytic structural equation modelling. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 49(1), 76–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-10-2018-0086

Nonaka, I. (1994). A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5(1), 14–37. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.5.1.14

Nybakk, E. (2012). Learning orientation, innovativeness and financial performance in traditional manufacturing firms: a higher-order structural equation model. International Journal of Innovation Management, 16(05), 1250029. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919612003873

Obeidat, B. Y., & Tarhini, A. (2016). A Jordanian empirical study of the associations among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, knowledge sharing, job performance, and firm performance. Journal of Management Development, 35(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-2015-0134

Obiwuru, T. C., Okwu, A. T., Akpa, V. O., & Nwankwere, I. A. (2011). Effects of leadership style on organizational performance: A survey of selected small scale enterprises in Ikosi-Ketu council development area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(7), 100–111. https://doi.org/10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110107A11

Paracha, M. U., Qamar, A., Mirza, A., Hassan, I., & Waqas, H. (2012). Impact of leadership style (transformational & transactional leadership) on employee performance & mediating role of job satisfaction. Study of private school (educator) in Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 12(4), 55–64.

Payne, S. C., Youngcourt, S. S., & Beaubien, J. M. (2007). A meta-analytic examination of the goal orientation nomological net. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 128–150. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.128

Quartey, S. H. (2019). Knowledge and sustainable competitive advantage of the Eyre Peninsula’s fishing industry in Australia. Knowledge and Process Management, 26(2), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1592

Ribeiro, N., Yucel, İ., & Gomes, D. (2018). How transformational leadership predicts employees’ affective commitment and performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 67(9). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-09-2017-0229

Salo, N. (2011). Knowledge management in education in Indonesia: An overview. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 11(1).

Sarwar, H., Ishaq, M. I., Amin, A., & Ahmed, R. (2020). Ethical leadership, work engagement, employees’ well-being, and performance: a cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(12), 2008–2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1788039

Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organization Science, 4(4), 577–594. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.4.577

Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290–312. https://doi.org/10.2307/270723

Sokoł, A. (2020). Empirical verification of the importance of economic knowledge in the development of creativity of creative employees. Procedia Computer Science, 176, 1684–1692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.193

Sujan, H., Weitz, B. A., & Kumar, N. (1994). Learning orientation, working smart, and effective selling. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800303

Sundi, K. (2013). Effect of transformational leadership and transactional leadership on employee performance of Konawe Education department at Southeast Sulawesi province. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(12), 50–58.

Tahir, H. (2015). Leadership style and organizational performance: A comparative study between transformational and transactional leadership styles. Journal of Business Studies (Formerly Journal of Management & Social Sciences), 11(2), 257–274. https://doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2015.11.02.19

Terglav, K., Ruzzier, M. K., & Kaše, R. (2016). Internal branding process: Exploring the role of mediators in top management’s leadership–commitment relationship. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 54, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.12.007

Tung, Y.-C., Lin, Y.-P., & Chang, W.-H. (2019). Differentiated leadership and group performance: The mediating effect of group Cohesion. International Journal of Business and Management, 14(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n1p114

Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108–119. https://doi.org/10.5465/256902

van Woerkom, M., & Sanders, K. (2010). The romance of learning from disagreement. The effect of cohesiveness and disagreement on knowledge sharing behavior and individual performance within teams. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(1), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-009-9136-y

VandeWalle, D. (2003). A goal orientation model of feedback-seeking behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 13(4), 581–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2003.11.004

Wang, H.-J., Demerouti, E., & Le Blanc, P. (2017). Transformational leadership, adaptability, and job crafting: The moderating role of organizational identification. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 185–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.009

Wang, H. U. I., Law, K. S., Hackett, R. D., Wang, D., & Chen, Z. X. (2005). Leader-member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance and organizational citizenship behavior. The Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 420–432. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.17407908

Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305

Wittenbaum, G. M., Hollingshead, A. B., & Botero, I. C. (2004). From cooperative to motivated information sharing in groups: moving beyond the hidden profile paradigm. Communication Monographs, 71(3), 286–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/0363452042000299894

Wong, K. Y. (2005). Critical success factors for implementing knowledge management in small and medium enterprises. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 105(3), 261–279. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570510590101

Yadav, M., Choudhary, S., & Jain, S. (2019). Transformational leadership and knowledge sharing behavior in freelancers. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-08-2017-0030

Yang, C., & Chen, L.-C. (2007). Can organizational knowledge capabilities affect knowledge sharing behavior? Journal of Information Science, 33(1), 95–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551506068135

Yusuf, A. A., Layaman, L., & Wartoyo, W. (2017). Membangun Kekuatan nilai perjanjian syariah Dalam upaya Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan Bank Syariah di Indonesia. AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 22(2), 375–392. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v22i2.814

Zaccaro, S. J., & Lowe, C. A. (1988). Cohesiveness and performance on an additive task: Evidence for multidimensionality. The Journal of Social Psychology, 128(4), 547–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1988.9713774

Zeraati, H., Rajabion, L., Molavi, H., & Navimipour, N. J. (2019). A model for examining the effect of knowledge sharing and new IT-based technologies on the success of the supply chain management systems. Kybernetes, 49(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/K-06-2018-0280