Shahbaz, M., Jam, F. A., Bibi, S. and Loganathan, N. (2016) “Multivariate Granger causality between CO2 emissions, energy intensity and economic growth in Portugal: evidence from cointegration and causality analysis”, Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 22(1), pp. 47-74. doi: 10.3846/20294913.2014.989932.